Hardware Atlas

Hardware Atlas · Actuators

Actuators

Actuators are how AI systems act on the physical world. Every joint, wheel, and gripper in a robot is driven by an actuator. Understanding torque, back-EMF, duty cycle, and control modes is what separates a builder from a hobbyist.

Actuators → Action

In the AI action pipeline, a policy outputs commands that must be translated into actuator signals. Knowing the physical limits of your actuator — stall torque, PWM frequency, thermal envelope — prevents damage and enables safe, repeatable behaviours.